Cucurbits

 

Powdery Mildew (Cucumber, Melon, Pumpkin, Squash, and Zucchini)

 

Howard F. Schwartz and David H. Gent

 

 

Identification and Life Cycle

Powdery mildew of cucurbits is caused by the fungi Erysiphe cichoracearum and Podosphaera fuliginea.  The disease cycle is initiated by windblown conidia, which infect cucurbits over a range of humidity (50 to 95%) during moderate to warm (68 to 80ºF) temperatures.  E.cichoracearum is more active at lower temperatures than P. fuliginea.  The pathogen overwinters on wild cucurbit hosts, weeds, and dead vines.

 

Plant Response and Damage

Powdery white spots appear first on leaves, and eventually grow to cover entire leaves. Symptoms usually develop on the bottom surface of older leaves first, but all leaves become diseased as plants age.  Infected leaves wither and die, leading to premature defoliation.  Powdery mildew can reduce fruit yield and size, but the amount of damage is directly related to the amount of time plants have been diseased. 

 

Management Approaches

 

Biological Control

AQ10 biofungicide is a fungal hyperparasite (Ampelomyces quisqualis) of the powdery mildew fungus. AQ10 must be applied preventatively along with a mineral-oil or silicone surfactant early in the morning or later at night to be most effective.  The use of conventional fungicides such as EBDCs, sulfur, and strobilurins should not be applied when AQ10 is used for powdery mildew control. 

 

Cultural Control

Eliminate weeds in and around cucurbit fields.  Resistant cucumber and melon varieties are available and should be planted if suitable for your marketing and production needs.  Several races of the powdery mildew fungi have been identified, and resistant varieties must be matched against the prominent races of the pathogens to be most effective.  

 

Chemical Control

Chemical controls must be used in combination with cultural controls to be most effective.  Resistance to several fungicides has been reported in the powdery mildew fungi, so fungicides with different modes of action must be rotated or tank-mixed to prevent or delay resistance development.  Thorough coverage is essential for effective disease control.

 

Product List for Powdery Mildew:

Pesticide

Product per acre

Application Frequency
(days)

Remarks

Chlorothalonil and Chlorothalonil Mixtures

Bravo 720


1.5-2 pt


7 days

Do not graze or feed debris to livestock; 7 day PHI

Bravo Ultrex

1.4-1.8 lb

7-10 days

Maximum of 16.5 pounds per season; 0 day PHI

Bravo WeatherStik

1.5-2.0 pt

7-10 days

Maximum of 20 pints per season; 0 day PHI

Echo 720

1.5-2.0 pt

7-10 days

Maximum of 2.5 gallons per season; 7 day PHI

Echo 90DF

1.2-1.6 lb

7-10 days

Maximum of 16.67 pounds per season; 7 day PHI

Echo Zn

2.2 to 2.8 pt

7-10 days

Maximum of 3.6 gallons per season; 7 day PHI

Ridomil/Bravo

1-2 lb

7-14 days

7 day PHI

Copper Fungicides

Champ Dry Prill

1.33 lb

5-7 days

 

Champ Formula 2

1.33 pt

5-7 days

 

Copper-Count-N

4-6 pt

7 days

Mid-harvest.

Cuprofix Disperss

2.5 lb

5-7 days

 

Kocide 101

1.5-3 lbs

5-7 days

May cause injury

Kocide DF

1.5-3 lbs

5-7 days

May cause injury

Kocide 4.5LF

1-2 pts

5-7  days

May cause injury

Kocide 3000

0.5-1.25 lb

5-7 days

May cause injury

Nordox

1.5-2.0 lb

7-10 days

 

Tri Basic Copper

2-4 pt

7-10 days

1 day PHI

EBDC, Copper/EBDC, and EBDC/Zoxamide Mixtures

Cuprofix Disperss MZ

4-7.25 lb

3-10 days

Maximum of 63.1 pounds per season; 5-14 day PHI

Dithane

2-3 lb

7-10 days

Maximum of 25.6 pounds per season; 5 day PHI; use a non-ionic surfactant to improve performance

Gavel 75DF

1.5-2.0 lb

7-10 days

Maximum 16 pounds per season; 5 day PHI; include a nonionic surfactant to improve performance

Maneb 75 DF

1.5-2.0 lb

7-10 days

Maximum of 17.1 pounds per season; 5 day PHI

Manex 80W

1.5-2.0 lb

7-10 days

Maximum of 16.0 pounds per season; 5 day PHI

Manex

2.4-3.2 pt

7-10 days

Maximum of 25 pints per season; 5 day PHI

ManKocide

2.0-2.5 lb

7-10 days

Maximum of 128 pounds per season; 5 day PHI

Penncozeb 80W

1.5-3.0 lb

7-10 days

Maximum of 24.0 pounds per season; 5 day PHI

Penncozeb 75DF

1.5-3.0 lb

7-10 days

Maximum of 25.6 pounds per season; 5 day PHI

Myclobutanil

Nova 40W,

Rally 40W

2.5-5 oz

7-10 days

Maximum of 1.5 lb/A per season; 0 PHI; 30 day plant back restriction

Strobilurins and Strobilurin Mixtures

Cabrio

12-16 oz

7-14 days

Maximum of 4 applications or 64 oz per season; Alternate with different modes of action; 0 day PHI

Flint

4 oz

7-14 days

Suppression only; Maximum of 4 applications or 16 ounces per seaon; 0 day PHI; rotate with fungicides with different modes of action

Quadris

11.0-15.4 fl oz

5-14 days

Maximum of 4 applications or 2.88 quarts per season; Alternate with different modes of action; 1 day PHI

Tanos

8 oz

5-7 days

Rotate with fungicides with a different mode of action, such as chlorothalonil or mancozeb; Maximum of 48 ounces per season; 3 day PHI

Thiophanate Methyl

Topsin M 70WP

0.5 lb

7-14 days

Maximum of 3 lb per season; Alternate fungicide sprays or tank-mix with fungicides with a different mode of action; 1 day PHI

Topsin 4.5 FL

10 fl oz

7 days

Maximum of 60 fl oz per season; Alternate fungicide sprays or tank-mix with fungicides with a different mode of action; 1 day PHI

Topsin WSB

0.5 lb

7-14 days

Maximum of 3 lb per season; Alternate fungicide sprays or tank-mix with fungicides with a different mode of action; 1 day PHI

Triazole

Nova

2.5-5.0 oz

7-10 days

Maximum of 1.5 pounds; 0 day PHI

Procure

4-8 oz

7-14 days

Maximum of 40 ounces per season; Alternate with fungicides with different modes of action; 0 day PHI

The information herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and that listing of commercial products, necessary to this guide, implies no endorsement by the authors or the Extension Services of Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming or Montana. Criticism of products or equipment not listed is neither implied nor intended. Due to constantly changing labels, laws and regulations, the Extension Services can assume no liability for the suggested use of chemicals contained herein. Pesticides must be applied legally complying with all label directions and precautions on the pesticide container and any supplemental labeling and rules of state and federal pesticide regulatory agencies. State rules and regulations and special pesticide use allowances may vary from state to state: contact your State Department of Agriculture for the rules, regulations and allowances applicable in your state and locality.

 

 

Categories: Cucurbits, Disease, Powdery Mildew, Cucumber, Melon, Pumpkin, Squash, Zucchini

Date: 04/01/2007