Anthracnose is caused by several fungi in the genus Colletotrichum, including C. gloeosporioides, C. dematium, and most commonly C. coccodes. Anthracnose is a common disease in warm, moist climates. The pathogen may infect green immature fruit, but symptoms do not appear until fruit matures and ripens. Infection can occur over a wide range of temperatures (50 to 86ºF), but is favored by cool to moderate temperatures (68 to 75ºF) in the presence of free moisture. Colletotrichum species capable of causing disease on eggplant, pepper, and tomato have broad host ranges, and can attack many crops and weeds. The pathogen can also survive in the soil as dormant resting structures called microsclerotia. Under cool to warm, moist conditions, microsclerotia germinate and directly infect hosts or produce spores (conidia), which are spread by splashing water to leaves and fruit. Infection requires extended periods of leaf wetness; disease is most severe during extended periods of high humidity and rain.
Colletotrichum species can infect roots, stems, and leaves, but fruit infections are the most damaging and important. Fruit lesions usually develop first as the fruit ripens and become progressively more severe as fruit matures. Lesions are circular with tan to orange to black concentric rings in their center. Lesion may be one inch or larger in diameter. Rings of black microsclerotia are often apparent as lesions age, but lesions remain distinct and do not coalesce. Leaf and stem lesions are easily overlooked, but appear as irregularly-shaped, gray-brown spots with dark brown edges. Severe yield and quality losses can occur on eggplant, pepper, and tomato during disease-favorable conditions if plants are left untreated.
No biological control strategies have been developed for anthracnose.
Plant only high quality seed and transplants free from the anthracnose pathogen. Practice at least a two-year rotation between susceptible hosts. Eliminate weeds, volunteers, and culls that serve as survival medium for the anthracnose pathogen by deep burial. Avoid root injury, which can increase root infections. Staking plants and plastic mulching can reduce anthracnose losses. Avoid overhead irrigation if possible. Use irrigation practices that promote rapid leaf drying and reduce extended periods of leaf wetness.
Fungicides are most effective when used in combination with cultural control strategies. Soil fumigation with broad-spectrum fumigants is used in some environments, but probably is not necessary or cost effective in the High Plains.
Product List for Anthracnose Eggplant:
Pesticide |
Rate/Acre |
Application Frequency
|
Remarks |
Captan |
|||
|
Captan 50 |
2 lb |
3-7 days |
4 day REI |
Copper Fungicides—not all formulations listed |
|||
|
Champ Dry Prill |
2 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Champ Formula 2 |
2 pt |
7-10 days |
|
|
Copper-Count-N |
4 pt |
7-10 days |
|
|
Cuprofix Disperss |
2.5 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Kocide 101 |
1.5-3 lb |
5-7 days |
|
|
Kocide DF |
1.5-3 lb |
5-7 days |
|
|
Kocide 4.5LF |
1-2 pt |
5-7 days |
|
|
Kocide 3000 |
0.75 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Nordox |
2-4 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Top Cop + S |
4 pt |
7-10 days |
1 day PHI |
|
Tri-Basic Copper |
3 lb |
7-10 days |
1 day PHI |
EBDC—not all formulations listed |
|||
|
Maneb 75DF |
1.5-2 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 14.9 lbs; 5 day PHI |
|
Maneb 80W |
1.5-2 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 12.8 lbs; 5 day PHI |
Strobilurin |
|||
|
Cabrio |
8-12 oz |
7-14 days |
Maximum of 6 applications or 96 oz per season; Do not make more than 2 applications before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action; 0 day PHI |
|
Flint |
3-4 oz |
7-10 days |
Suppression only; Maximum of 4 applications or 16 ounces per season; Rotate with fungicides with a different mode of action such as Maneb or copper-containing products; 3 day PHI |
|
Quadris FL |
6.2-15.4 oz |
7-21 days |
Do not make more than 1 Quadris application before rotating with a fungicide with a different mode of action; Maximum 1.92 qt/acre/season; 0 day PHI |
|
The information herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and that listing of commercial products, necessary to this guide, implies no endorsement by the authors or the Extension Services of Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming or Montana. Criticism of products or equipment not listed is neither implied nor intended. Due to constantly changing labels, laws and regulations, the Extension Services can assume no liability for the suggested use of chemicals contained herein. Pesticides must be applied legally complying with all label directions and precautions on the pesticide container and any supplemental labeling and rules of state and federal pesticide regulatory agencies. State rules and regulations and special pesticide use allowances may vary from state to state: contact your State Department of Agriculture for the rules, regulations and allowances applicable in your state and locality. |
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Product List for Anthracnose Pepper:
Pesticide |
Rate/Acre |
Application Frequency
|
Remarks |
Captan |
|||
|
Captan 50 |
2 lb |
3-7 days |
4 day REI |
Copper Fungicides—not all formulations listed |
|||
|
Champ Dry Prill |
2 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Champ Formula 2 |
2 pt |
7-10 days |
|
|
Copper-Count-N |
4 pt |
7-10 days |
|
|
Cuprofix Disperss |
2.5 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Kocide 101 |
1.5-3 lb |
5-7 days |
|
|
Kocide DF |
1.5-3 lb |
5-7 days |
|
|
Kocide 4.5LF |
1-2 pt |
5-7 days |
|
|
Kocide 3000 |
0.75-1.25 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Nordox |
2-4 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Top Cop + S |
4 pt |
7-10 days |
1 day PHI |
|
Tri-Basic Copper |
3 lb |
7-10 days |
1 day PHI |
EBDC—not all formulations listed |
|||
|
Maneb 75DF |
1.5-2 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 14.9 lbs; 5 day PHI |
|
Maneb 80W |
1.5-2 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 12.8 lbs; 5 day PHI |
Strobilurin and Strobilurin Mixtures |
|||
|
Cabrio |
8-12 oz |
7-14 days |
Maximum of 6 applications or 96 oz per season; Do not make more than 2 applications before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action; 0 day PHI |
|
Flint |
3-4 oz |
7-10 days |
Suppression only; Maximum of 4 applications or 16 ounces per season; Rotate with fungicides with a different mode of action such as Maneb or copper-containing products; 3 day PHI |
|
Quadris FL |
6.2-15.4 oz |
7-21 days |
Do not make more than 1 application before rotating with a fungicide with a different mode of action; Maximum 1.92 qt/acre/season; 0 day PHI |
|
Tanos |
8 oz |
5-7 days |
Rotate and tank-mix with fungicides with a different mode of action such as chlorothalonil or mancozeb; Maximum of 72 ounces per season; 3 day PHI |
|
The information herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and that listing of commercial products, necessary to this guide, implies no endorsement by the authors or the Extension Services of Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming or Montana. Criticism of products or equipment not listed is neither implied nor intended. Due to constantly changing labels, laws and regulations, the Extension Services can assume no liability for the suggested use of chemicals contained herein. Pesticides must be applied legally complying with all label directions and precautions on the pesticide container and any supplemental labeling and rules of state and federal pesticide regulatory agencies. State rules and regulations and special pesticide use allowances may vary from state to state: contact your State Department of Agriculture for the rules, regulations and allowances applicable in your state and locality. |
|||
Product List for Anthracnose Tomato:
Pesticide |
Rate/Acre |
Application Frequency
|
Remarks |
Captan |
|||
|
Captan 4F |
4 pt |
5-7 days |
4 day REI |
|
Captan 50 |
2 lb |
5-7 days |
4 day REI |
|
Chlorothalonil—not all formulations listed |
|||
|
Bravo 720 |
1.5-3 pt |
7-14 days |
Do not graze or feed debris to livestock; 7 day PHI |
|
Bravo Ultrex |
1.7-2.2 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 18.3 pounds per season; 0 day PHI |
|
Bravo Weather Stik |
1.5-3.0 pt |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 20 pints per season; 0 day PHI |
|
Echo 720 |
1.5 -3.0 pt |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 2.5 gallons per season; 0 day PHI |
|
Echo 90DF |
1.7-2.5 lb |
7-14days |
Maximum of 16.67 pounds per season; 0 day PHI |
|
Echo Zn |
3-4 pt |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 3.6 gallons per season; 0 day PHI |
|
Ridomil/Bravo |
2-3lbs |
14 days |
Maximum of three applications; 14 day PHI |
Copper Fungicides—not all formulations listed |
|||
|
Champ Dry Prill |
2 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Champ Formula 2 |
2 pt |
7-10 days |
|
|
Copper-Count-N |
4 pt |
7-10 days |
|
|
Cuprofix MZ Disperss |
1.75-4.75 lb |
7-10 days |
Max of 21 lb product/A |
|
Kocide 101 |
1.5-3 lb |
5-7 days |
|
|
Kocide DF |
1.5-3 lb |
5-7 days |
|
|
Kocide 4.5LF |
1-2 pt |
5-7 days |
|
|
Kocide 3000 |
0.75-1.75 lb |
5-10 days |
|
|
Nordox |
2-4 lb |
7-10 days |
|
|
Top Cop + S |
4 pt |
7-10 days |
1 day PHI |
|
Tri-Basic Copper |
3 lb |
7-10 days |
1 day PHI |
EBDC and EBDC Mixtures—not all formulations listed |
|||
|
Cuprofix Disperss MZ |
1.75-4.75 lb |
3-10 days |
Maximum of 21 pounds per season; 5 day PHI |
|
Dithane |
2-3 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 8.5 pounds per season; 5 day PHI; use a non-ionic surfactant to improve performance |
|
Gavel 75DF |
1.5-2.0 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 8 applications or 16 pounds per season; 5 day PHI; include a nonionic surfactant to improve performance |
|
Maneb 75 DF |
1.5-2.0 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 8.0 pounds per season; 5 day PHI |
|
Manex 80W |
1.5-2.0 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 7.5 pounds per season; 5 day PHI |
|
Manex |
1.2-2.4 qt |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 16.8 quarts per season; 5 day PHI |
|
ManKocide |
2.5-5.0 lb |
3-10 days |
Maximum of 42.7 pounds per season; 5 day PHI |
|
Manzate |
0.75-1.0 lb |
3-7 days |
Maximum of 8.5 lbs per season; 5 day PHI |
|
Penncozeb 80W |
1.5-2.0 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 7.5 pounds per season; 5 day PHI. |
|
Penncozeb 75DF |
1.5-2.0 lb |
7-10 days |
Maximum of 8.0 pounds per season; 5 day PHI. |
Strobilurin and Strobilurin Mixtures |
|||
|
Cabrio |
8-12 oz |
7-14 days |
Maximum of 6 applications or 96 oz per season; Do not make more than 2 applications before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action; 0 day PHI |
|
Flint |
3-4 oz |
7-10 days |
Suppression only; Maximum of 4 applications or 16 ounces per season; Rotate with fungicides with a different mode of action such as Maneb or copper-containing products; 3 day PHI |
|
Quadris FL |
6.2-15.4 oz |
7-21 days |
Do not make more than 1 application before rotating with a fungicide with a different mode of action; Maximum 1.92 qt/acre/season; 0 day PHI |
|
Tanos |
8 oz |
5-7 days |
Rotate and tank-mix with fungicides with a different mode of action such as chlorothalonil or mancozeb; Maximum of 72 ounces per season; 3 day PHI |
|
The information herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and that listing of commercial products, necessary to this guide, implies no endorsement by the authors or the Extension Services of Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming or Montana. Criticism of products or equipment not listed is neither implied nor intended. Due to constantly changing labels, laws and regulations, the Extension Services can assume no liability for the suggested use of chemicals contained herein. Pesticides must be applied legally complying with all label directions and precautions on the pesticide container and any supplemental labeling and rules of state and federal pesticide regulatory agencies. State rules and regulations and special pesticide use allowances may vary from state to state: contact your State Department of Agriculture for the rules, regulations and allowances applicable in your state and locality. |
|||
Categories: Eggplant, Pepper, Tomato, Disease, Anthracnose
Date: 04/01/2007