The information herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and that listing of commercial products, necessary to this guide, implies no endorsement by the authors or the Extension Services of Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana. Criticism of products or equipment not listed is neither implied nor intended.

Chemical and nonchemical control practices, when available, are described in detail for individual pests and pathogens. These practices include cultural and biological control options, and host plant resistance. By including alternatives to pesticides, we hope to create a ready reference of management strategies growers will consider when faced with a pest problem. We have made every effort to list only effective management strategies for individual crop plants, as well as proven methods of identifying and sampling pests and their natural enemies Due to constantly changing labels, laws and regulations, the Extension Services can assume no liability for the suggested use of chemicals contained herein. Pesticides must be applied legally complying with all label directions and precautions on the pesticide container and any supplemental labeling and rules of state and federal pesticide regulatory agencies. State rules and regulations and special pesticide use allowances may vary from state to state: contact your State Department of Agriculture for the rules, regulations and allowances applicable in your state and locality.

This guide is intended to provide current effective management options for insect and other arthropod pests, and for plant pathogens affecting all major field crops grown in Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and Western Nebraska.

The following may be used to fully cite this guide:

Donahue, J.D.; Brewer, M.J.; Peairs, F.B.; & Hein, G.L. [eds.]. 1998. High Plains Integrated Pest Management Guide for Colorado, Western Nebraska, Wyoming. No. 564A. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. "Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Milan A. Rewerts, Director of Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Cooperative Extension programs are available to all without discrimination. No endorsement of products mentioned is intended nor is criticism implied of products not mentioned."

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgement is made to the Rocky Mountain Plant Food and Agricultural Chemicals Association, dealers, representatives, growers, County Cooperative Extension Agents and others who contributed valuable suggestions in the preparation of this guide. Special thanks to Jim Kalisch, University of Nebraska, for providing line drawings. Cover artwork and reproduction was done by Colorado State University. Distribution of the guide is facilitated by Colorado State University, the University of Nebraska, the University of Wyoming and Montana State University. Monetary support for this guide was provided by these universities, and offset in part by sales, Western Region IPM and EPA Region 8.

Caution

Management suggestions in this guide are based in part upon research findings and demonstrations of the Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service of Colorado State University, the University of Nebraska and the University of Wyoming. Some of the treatments suggested have not been tested in each state but are based upon research findings or recommendations from other states, USDA reports, or data provided by the chemical manufacturer. Information in this publication is intended only as a guide. Final usage of control chemicals should be based on directions printed on the label of the container which has been approved by th EPA and Departments of Agriculture of Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming and Montana.

Products, rates, preharvest intervals and precautions are included in the pesticide listings but this information is intended only for users who have read and understood the current product label. Any use of a pesticide in a manner contrary to instructions on the label is not legal. (See Pesticide Labelling section for information about the legaluses of pesticides in agricultural settings.)